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Avascular Necrosis (AVN) || Early Detection, Better Outcomes || ~xRay Pixy

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Avascular Necrosis (AVN) is a condition where blood flow to the bone is reduced, causing bone cells to die. This leads to pain, joint damage, and difficulty in movement, especially in the hip. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent permanent bone damage and improve quality of life. Video Chapter: AVN 00:00 Introduction 00:45 What is AVN? 01:55 About Bone Tissue 02:49 AVN Causes 03:38 AVN Symptoms 04:11 AVN Diagnosis 04:56 AVN of femoral head 05:33 How AVN Develops 07:28 Conclusions #optimization #algorithm #metaheuristic #robotics #deeplearning #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #computervision #research #projects #thesis #Python #optimizationproblem #optimizationalgorithms 
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BARC Previous Year Question Papers Solved

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 BARC Computer Science and Information Technology Previous Year Question  Solved 

1.) The worst-case time complexity of Quick Sort is:

  • O(nlogn)
  • O(n)
  • O(n^2)
  • None
Answer: O(n^2)
Explanation: Quicksort is based on the divide and conquers paradigm. Quicksort expected average running time is O(nlogn)

2.) In C programming operator '&' is used to represent:
  • Logical AND
  • Bitwise AND
  • Logical OR
  • Bitwise OR
Answer: Bitwise AND
Explanation: logical AND (&&), bitwise AND (&), Logical OR (||), Bitwise OR(|)

3.) When a static variable is initialized:
Answer: First time when a loop is executed.
Explanation: Static variables only execute once.

4.) What is the maximum height of the AVL tree with 7 nodes? Assume that height of the tree with a single node is 0.
Answer: 3.

5.) Data structure used in the recursive algorithm is:
Answer: Stack

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PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

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Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Optimization Problems

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 Cuckoo Search Algorithm - Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm What is Cuckoo Search Algorithm? Cuckoo Search Algorithm is a Meta-Heuristic Algorithm. Cuckoo Search Algorithm is inspired by some Cuckoo species laying their eggs in the nest of other species of birds. In this algorithm, we have 2 bird Species.  1.) Cuckoo birds   2.) Host Birds (Other Species) What if Host Bird discovered cuckoo eggs? Cuckoo eggs can be found by Host Bird.  Host bird discovers cuckoos egg with Probability of discovery of alien eggs.  If Host Bird Discovered Cuckoo Bird Eggs. The host bird can throw the egg away. Abandon the nest and build a completely new nest. Mathematically, Each egg represent a solution and it is stored in the host bird nest. In this algorithm Artificial Cuckoo Birds are used. Artificial Cuckoo can lay one egg at a time. We will replace New and better solutions with less fit solutions. It means eggs that are more similar to host bird has opportunity to de...
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PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) Example Step-by-Step

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 Particle swarm optimization (PSO) What is meant by PSO? PSO is a computational method that Optimizes a problem. It is a Population-based stochastic search algorithm. PSO is inspired by the Social Behavior of Birds flocking. n Particle Swarm Optimization the solution of the problem is represented using Particles. [Flocking birds are replaced with particles for algorithm simplicity]. Objective Function is used for the performance evaluation for each particle / agent in the current population. PSO solved problems by having a Population (called Swarms) of Candidate Solutions (Particles). Local and global optimal solutions are used to update particle position in each iteration. How PSO will optimize? By Improving a Candidate Solution. How PSO Solve Problems? PSO solved problems by having a Population (called Swarms) of Candidate Solutions (Particles). The population of Candidate Solutions (i.e., Particles). What is Search Space in PSO? It is the range in which the algorithm computes th...
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Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

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Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a p opulation-based stochastic search algorithm. PSO is inspired by the Social Behavior of Birds flocking. PSO is a computational method that Optimizes a problem. PSO searches for Optima by updating generations. It is popular is an intelligent metaheuristic algorithm.  In Particle Swarm Optimization the solution of the problem is represented using Particles. [Flocking birds are replaced with particles for algorithm simplicity]. Objective Function is used for the performance evaluation for each particle / agent in the current population. After a number of iterations agents / particles will find out optimal solution in the search space. Q. What is PSO? A. PSO is a computational method that Optimizes a problem. Q. How PSO will optimize? A. By Improving a Candidate Solution. Q. How PSO Solve Problems? A. PSO solved problems by having a Population (called Swarms) of Candidate Solutions (Particles). Local and global optimal solutions are used to ...
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PSO Python Code || Particle Swarm Optimization in Python || ~xRay Pixy

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Particle Swarm Optimization Implementation in Python Video Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 02:01 Code 05:55 Position Initialization 08:06 PSO Main Loop 08:42 Velocity Calculation 10:02 Position Update 10:36 Fitness Evaluation 13:21 Objective Function 17:44 Result 19:00 Conclusion .....................................................SOURCE CODE......................................................................... import random import numpy as np from tkinter import messagebox #Define Class Particles class Particle: def __init__ (self,position): self.position=position self.velocity=np.zeros_like(position) self.best_position=position self.best_fitness=float('inf') def PSO(ObjF,Pop_Size,D,MaxT): swarm_best_position=None swarm_best_fitness=float('inf') particles=[] #Posotion Initialization position=np.random.uniform(-0.5,0.5,D) particle=Particle(position) particles.append(particle) #Fit...
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how is the LBP |Local Binary Pattern| values calculated? Step-by-Step with Example

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Whale Optimization Algorithm Code Implementation || WOA CODE || ~xRay Pixy

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Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

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 Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm  (GWO) Grey Wolf Optimization Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm is a metaheuristic proposed by Mirjaliali Mohammad and Lewis, 2014. Grey Wolf Optimizer is inspired by the social hierarchy and the hunting technique of Grey Wolves. What is Metaheuristic? Metaheuristic means a High-level problem-independent algorithmic framework (develop optimization algorithms). Metaheuristic algorithms find the best solution out of all possible solutions of optimization. Who are the Grey Wolves? Wolf (Animal): Wolf Lived in a highly organized pack. Also known as Gray wolf or Grey Wolf, is a large canine. Wolf Speed is 50-60 km/h. Their Lifespan is 6-8 years (in the wild). Scientific Name: Canis Lupus. Family: Canidae (Biological family of dog-like carnivorans). Grey Wolves lived in a highly organized pack. The average pack size ranges from 5-12.  4 different ranks of wolves in a pack: Alpha Wolf, Beta Wolf, Delta Wolf, and Omega Wolf. How Grey Wolf Optimiza...
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Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Numerical Example

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 Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Numerical Example Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Steps 1.) Initialize Grey Wolf Population. 2.) Initialize a, A, and C. 3.) Calculate the fitness of each search agent. 4.) 𝑿_𝜶 = best search agent 5.) 𝑿_𝜷 = second-best search agent 6.) 𝑿_𝜹 = third best search agent. 7.) while (t<Max number of iteration) 8.) For each search agent       update the position of the current search agent by the above equations end for 9.) update a, A, and C 10.) Calculate the fitness of all search agents. 11.) update 𝑿_𝜶, 𝑿_𝜷, 𝑿_𝜹 12.) t = t+1 end while 13.) return 𝑿_𝜶 Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Numerical Example STEP 1.  Initialize the Grey wolf Population [Initial Position for each Search Agent] 𝒙_(𝒊  )  (i = 1,2,3,…n)     n = 6 // Number of Search Agents  [ -100, 100] // Range Initial Wolf Position      3.2228     4.1553    -3.8197     4.2330  ...
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GWO Python Code || Grey Wolf Optimizer in Python || ~xRay Pixy

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