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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)

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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)  VIDEO LINK:  https://youtu.be/YIGCWNG8BIA A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. Video Chapters: HMM in Artificial Intelligence 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Statistical Model 00:54 HMM Examples 02:30 HMM 03:10 HMM Components 05:23 Viterbi Algorithm 06:23 HMM Applications 06:38 HMM Problems 07:28 HMM in Handwriting Recognition 11:20 Conclusion  HMM COMPONENTS A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. An HMM consists of states, observations, transition probabilities, emission probabilities, and initial probabilities. It is commonly used in a...

Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (B.O.A) Step-by-Step Explanation ~xRay ...

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Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (B.O.A) Butterfly optimization algorithm : a novel approach for global optimization It is a novel optimization technique that mimics the food foraging behavior of butterflies. Keywords Butterfly optimization algorithm ·Global optimization ·Nature inspired ·Metaheuristic ·Benchmark testfunctions ·Engineering design problem Butterfly are Flying Insects. About Butterfly Butterfly Features: Small Head, 2 compound eyes. Butterfly basically feed on Nectar from flowers. Adult Butterfly consume only liquid [nectar from flowers]. They use their Antenna to sense air from wind and fragrance. Butterfly can fly only when their temperature is 27℃ or 81℉.  Largest butterfly in the world: Queen Alexandra Birdwing. Butterflies also derive nourishment from rotting fruits, dung, decaying flesh, dissolved minerals in the dirt/ sand. Butterfly Lifecycle An Adult Butterfly lay eggs on the food plant. From Eggs to Larva [Larva consume plant leaves]. When metamorphosis compl...
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