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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)

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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)  VIDEO LINK:  https://youtu.be/YIGCWNG8BIA A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. Video Chapters: HMM in Artificial Intelligence 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Statistical Model 00:54 HMM Examples 02:30 HMM 03:10 HMM Components 05:23 Viterbi Algorithm 06:23 HMM Applications 06:38 HMM Problems 07:28 HMM in Handwriting Recognition 11:20 Conclusion  HMM COMPONENTS A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. An HMM consists of states, observations, transition probabilities, emission probabilities, and initial probabilities. It is commonly used in a...

Black Hole Optimization Algorithm Step-by-Step with Example ~xRay Pixy

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 Black Hole Optimization Algorithm || BHO Algorithm The black hole algorithm is a Natural Heuristic Algorithm by simulating the ‘‘Black Hole’’ phenomenon in the universe.  Black Hole Optimization Algorithm is a new bio-inspired metaheuristic approach based on the observable fact of black hole phenomena. Black Hole : Region in the space where Gravity is so Strong. No object can escape from its powerful gravitational pull. Black holes are formed in the  space when star of massive size collapses. Anything falls into black hole is forever gone from our universe. Black Hole Optimization Algorithm Steps: Step 01: Randomly Initialize population for N candidate solutions in the search space. Consider Stars as initial population and each start is candidate solution. And Best  Candidate among all (i.e., Best Solution) is considered as Black Hole. Step 02: Calculate Fitness Values for each agent in the current population. Calculate fitness values for each candidate and best am...
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