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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)

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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)  VIDEO LINK:  https://youtu.be/YIGCWNG8BIA A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. Video Chapters: HMM in Artificial Intelligence 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Statistical Model 00:54 HMM Examples 02:30 HMM 03:10 HMM Components 05:23 Viterbi Algorithm 06:23 HMM Applications 06:38 HMM Problems 07:28 HMM in Handwriting Recognition 11:20 Conclusion  HMM COMPONENTS A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. An HMM consists of states, observations, transition probabilities, emission probabilities, and initial probabilities. It is commonly used in a...

Dragonfly Optimization Algorithm Step-by-Step with example

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Dragonfly Optimization Algorithm (DOA) Dragonfly Algorithm is developed by Mirjalili in 2016. Dragonfly Algorithm is a metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the behavior of dragonflies in nature. There are about 5000 known species of dragonflies. Dragonfly is a symbol of Strength, Courage, and Happiness in Japan.  Dragonfly Algorithm Step-by-Step: - Step 01: Initialize Dragonfly Population Randomly (𝑋_𝑖, Where i = 1,2,3,4,…n).  Step 02: Initialize Step vector / Size for dragonfly (〖∆𝑋〗_𝑖). Step 03: While(CurrentIteration < MaximumIteration) Step 04: Computer Fitness Values for each dragonfly. Step 05: Update Food sources and enemy.  Step 06: Update parameters w, s, a, c, f, and e. Step 07: Calculate S, A, C, and F. Step 08: Update neighboring radius.  Step 09: If the dragonfly has at least one neighboring dragonfly. {     Update Velocity and Position; }  else { Update Position; } Elseif { Check and correct new position based on boundari...

Optimization Engineering | Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm Basic Fundamentals

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 Q. What is Optimization?  A.  Optimization means Optimum Point Where conditions are best and most favorable. Optimization algorithms help to obtain the best solutions for complex problems. Different numerical methods for optimization are used to design better systems.  Q. Why we do Optimization? A. To Find the better/best among different possible solutions Q. Why Objective functions are used? A. Objective functions are used to Maximize or Minimize values that you are trying to Optimize. Using objective functions you can obtain a minimum or maximum value. Q. Define Meta-heuristic optimization.  A. Metaheuristic algorithms plays important role in solving real-life problems. Metaheuristic algorithms are Optimization methods used to solve complex engineering problems. A Metaheuristic is an advanced technique for finding good solutions to a complex problem.  Q. Define multi-objective optimization problems?     A. When designers want to optimize...
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