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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)

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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)  VIDEO LINK:  https://youtu.be/YIGCWNG8BIA A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. Video Chapters: HMM in Artificial Intelligence 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Statistical Model 00:54 HMM Examples 02:30 HMM 03:10 HMM Components 05:23 Viterbi Algorithm 06:23 HMM Applications 06:38 HMM Problems 07:28 HMM in Handwriting Recognition 11:20 Conclusion  HMM COMPONENTS A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. An HMM consists of states, observations, transition probabilities, emission probabilities, and initial probabilities. It is commonly used in a...
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Line Drawing Algorithm

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 Line Drawing Algorithm We can specify points with an ordered pair of numbers ( x, y). Where, x = horizontal distance from the origin.      y = vertical distance from the origin.  Suppose 2 endpoints used to specify line at position (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). Line path between endpoints positions (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). The equation for straight line is given by: y = m . c + b Here, m = slope of the line            b  as y-intercept The first endpoint of the line as (x1, y1) The second endpoint of the line (x2, y2) We can calculate values for the slope m and y-intercept b with this equation: 𝑚=(𝑦2−𝑦1)/(𝑥2−𝑥1) b = y1 – m * x1. For any given x interval ∆x along a line. We can compute the corresponding y interval as ∆y as ∆y =m * ∆x  We can obtain x interval ∆x by ∆y.  ∆x = ∆y / m  DDA Algorithm Step 1. Input two Endpoints (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). Step 2: Calculate the difference between two endpoints....
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Cloud Computing Architecture

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Cloud Computing Architecture Divided into 2 Parts It is divided into 2 parts: 1.) The Front End 2.) The Back End Each end is connected to the other through Network (i.e., Internet or virtual network). Cloud Computing Architecture - front End The front end means How users interact with the cloud infrastructure?  Front End: It is the side that is visible to Clients / Computer Users. The front end consists of Applications and infrastructure that is used to access different cloud computing platform. It includes web servers (i.e., Chrome, Firefox, and IE) mobile devices.  Cloud Computing Architecture - Back End Cloud Service Provider [e.g., AWS] maintains Back end. The back End supports the front end. The back end manage different services like Data Storage Virtual Network Security System Traffic Control  Protocols used for communication over the internet Cloud Computing Architecture - Components The client interface provides GUI [i.e., Graphical User Interface] that helps us...
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