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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)

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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)  VIDEO LINK:  https://youtu.be/YIGCWNG8BIA A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. Video Chapters: HMM in Artificial Intelligence 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Statistical Model 00:54 HMM Examples 02:30 HMM 03:10 HMM Components 05:23 Viterbi Algorithm 06:23 HMM Applications 06:38 HMM Problems 07:28 HMM in Handwriting Recognition 11:20 Conclusion  HMM COMPONENTS A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. An HMM consists of states, observations, transition probabilities, emission probabilities, and initial probabilities. It is commonly used in a...
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Ant Colony Optimization Numerical Example Step-By-Step ~xRay Pixy

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Ant Colony Optimization Numerical Example Step-By-Step
00:00 Introduction
01:34 Ant Colony Optimization Steps
04:33 Step 1 Parameter Initialization
06:14 Step 2 Population Initialization
06:40 Step 3 Path Selection by Ants
12:16 Step 4 Objective Function Evaluation
14:28 Step 5 Test Convergence
15:27 Step 6 Second Iteration Start
15:36 Step 7 Pheromone Update
18:20 Step 8 Repeat ACO Loop
19:27 Path Selection by Ants
21:42 Objective Function Evaluation
22:51 Test Convergence
22:58 Third Iteration
23:25 Pheromone Update
24:26 Path Selection by Ants
25:00 Conclusion

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Algorithm Steps

  1. Initialize Parameters.
  2. Initialize Ants Population.
  3. Calculate Path Selection Probability by ants.
  4. Apply Roulette Wheel Selection Process.
  5. Calculate Objective Function Values.
  6. Test Process Convergence.
  7. Increment Counter.
  8. Update Pheromones.
  9. Repeat Step 3 to Step 6.
  10. Display Best Solution 
How to Calculate Path Selection Probability by Ants?
For any ant (k), the Probability of Selecting a Path / Discrete Value is Calculated as: 

How to Update Pheromones?
 Remaining pheromones from the previous iteration after evaporation

Pheromone Deposited by Best Ant.


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