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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)

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Hidden Markov Model (HMM)  VIDEO LINK:  https://youtu.be/YIGCWNG8BIA A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. Video Chapters: HMM in Artificial Intelligence 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Statistical Model 00:54 HMM Examples 02:30 HMM 03:10 HMM Components 05:23 Viterbi Algorithm 06:23 HMM Applications 06:38 HMM Problems 07:28 HMM in Handwriting Recognition 11:20 Conclusion  HMM COMPONENTS A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical model in which the system has hidden states that cannot be directly observed, but produce observable outputs. It is based on the Markov property, meaning the next state depends only on the current state. An HMM consists of states, observations, transition probabilities, emission probabilities, and initial probabilities. It is commonly used in a...
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Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) Algorithm Step-by-Step with Numerical E...

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Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) Algorithm with Example

The invasive weed optimization algorithm (IWO) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization method inspired by the behavior of weed colonies. Weeds are unwanted plants (plant in the wrong place). Weeds can change their behavior according to the environment and gets fitter. Weeds plant can be easily found in: Parks, Fields, Garden, and Lawns

Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm Steps.
1.) Initialization Phase Initialize all important parameters.
2.) Initialize Population. The initial population is created by spreading the finite number of seeds randomly in the search space.

3.) Compute Fitness Values. 
Every seed will grow into a flowering plant and produce seeds. [Reproduction]. Seed production is based on fitness values so compute:
  1. Individual Fitness Value
  2. Best Fitness Value
  3. Worst Fitness Value
4.) Random distribution of germinated seeds. Determine new positions of seeds in the search space
For Randomness and Adaption, the germinated seeds are normally distributed random numbers with a mean equal to zero. Seeds are normally distributed near to their parent pant.


Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm Numerical Example.


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Meta-heuristic Algorithms
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