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Intelligent Traffic Management Using || AI & Metaheuristics || ~xRay Pixy

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Hybrid Artificial Intelligence and Metaheuristics for Smart City TRafci Management Problem Video Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 00:40 Smart Cities 01:14 Traditional Methods for Traffic Management 02:12 Hybrid Approach AI and Metaheuristics 02:47 STEPS for Hybrid  Traffic Management System 08:40 Advantages of Smart Traffic Management System 09:33 Conclusion
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Call by value, Call by Reference, Returning Values from a Function

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Arguments Passing Techniques
C++ is the mother of Object-Oriented Programming.
Arguments Passing is a Process of transferring data between the calling function and the called function. In C++,  there are three ways by which arguments can be passed.
  1. Pass By Value
  2. Pass By Address or Pass By Pointer
  3. Pass By Reference
Video Explanation: C++ Program to swap two numbers with the third variable.   https://youtu.be/pq9VWQswqwo

Video: Call By Value
Most of the programming languages like C use only the first two modules (i.e., Passing by Value and Address) whereas C++ supports all the three methods of passing arguments.

Pass By Value: It is a default method for argument passing. When an argument is passed by value than a copy of the argument is made and passed to the newly created formal arguments in the called function. The formal arguments contain a copy of actual arguments which is stored in the separate memory location.  

Program to Show How Pass By Value Works. C++ Program to swap two numbers with the third variable.
PROGRAM OUTPUT: -


 Pass By Reference:
The Pass by reference is the very easy and simple technique of argument passing which is only available in C++(not in C). This technique allows modifications back to the actual arguments.


OUTPUT: 
Explanation: The above program shows swapping of 2 numbers using pass by reference. When the function swap(a,b); is called, the actual arguments a and b are passed by reference. 
In the function definition, the formal arguments x and y are reference variables of the corresponding actual arguments a and b respectively. 

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