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Avascular Necrosis (AVN) || Early Detection, Better Outcomes || ~xRay Pixy

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Avascular Necrosis (AVN) is a condition where blood flow to the bone is reduced, causing bone cells to die. This leads to pain, joint damage, and difficulty in movement, especially in the hip. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent permanent bone damage and improve quality of life. Video Chapter: AVN 00:00 Introduction 00:45 What is AVN? 01:55 About Bone Tissue 02:49 AVN Causes 03:38 AVN Symptoms 04:11 AVN Diagnosis 04:56 AVN of femoral head 05:33 How AVN Develops 07:28 Conclusions #optimization #algorithm #metaheuristic #robotics #deeplearning #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #computervision #research #projects #thesis #Python #optimizationproblem #optimizationalgorithms 
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Call by value, Call by Reference, Returning Values from a Function

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Arguments Passing Techniques
C++ is the mother of Object-Oriented Programming.
Arguments Passing is a Process of transferring data between the calling function and the called function. In C++,  there are three ways by which arguments can be passed.
  1. Pass By Value
  2. Pass By Address or Pass By Pointer
  3. Pass By Reference
Video Explanation: C++ Program to swap two numbers with the third variable.   https://youtu.be/pq9VWQswqwo

Video: Call By Value
Most of the programming languages like C use only the first two modules (i.e., Passing by Value and Address) whereas C++ supports all the three methods of passing arguments.

Pass By Value: It is a default method for argument passing. When an argument is passed by value than a copy of the argument is made and passed to the newly created formal arguments in the called function. The formal arguments contain a copy of actual arguments which is stored in the separate memory location.  

Program to Show How Pass By Value Works. C++ Program to swap two numbers with the third variable.
PROGRAM OUTPUT: -


 Pass By Reference:
The Pass by reference is the very easy and simple technique of argument passing which is only available in C++(not in C). This technique allows modifications back to the actual arguments.


OUTPUT: 
Explanation: The above program shows swapping of 2 numbers using pass by reference. When the function swap(a,b); is called, the actual arguments a and b are passed by reference. 
In the function definition, the formal arguments x and y are reference variables of the corresponding actual arguments a and b respectively. 

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